Rheumatoid arthritis stories: Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Understanding how RA affects joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is more than joint pain—it’s a systemic autoimmune condition that can quietly reshape the body and daily life. In RA, the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial lining of joints, causing inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and eventually joint damage. But the impact doesn’t stop at the joints—it extends to tendons, ligaments, and surrounding structures.

Let’s break down how RA affects the body, starting with the joints.

What Joints Are Usually Affected?

RA typically begins in the smaller joints:

Fingers and wrists
Toes and feet

As the disease progresses, it may also affect:

Knees
Hips
Elbows
Shoulders

RA tends to be symmetrical, meaning the same joints on both sides of the body are often affected.

Rheumatoid arthritis joints affected most often

What About Tendons?

A tendon is a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone. In RA, tendons are frequently involved—especially in the hands—because inflammation doesn’t stay confined to the joint space.

Tendon inflammation (tenosynovitis) is common in RA.
Nodules may form on tendons or within the tendon sheath (the protective layer around the tendon).
This can lead to pain, weakness, and reduced mobility.

Why Are Tendons Affected in RA?

RA begins in the synovial membrane, the lining of the joint. Abnormal immune cells invade this space and release inflammatory chemicals that:

Erode cartilage and bone
Weaken surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tendons
Cause swelling and stiffness that limits movement

Over time, this inflammation can spread beyond the joint capsule, affecting nearby structures.

The Role of the Immune System

RA is driven by an abnormal immune response:

The body produces antibodies against its own tissues.
One key antibody is the rheumatoid factor (RF)—an antibody that targets another antibody called IgG.
These immune complexes contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue damage.

Final Thoughts

RA is not just a joint disease—it’s a condition that affects the connective tissues that support movement, strength, and daily function. Understanding how joints and tendons are impacted can help you advocate for better care, clearer communication, and gentler treatment strategies.